The History of Cuttack: From Ancient Capital to Modern Business Hub

Imagine a city cradled by two majestic rivers, the Mahanadi and its tributary, the Kathjori. This is Cuttack, a place where history isn’t just in books; it’s in the air you breathe, the ancient stones beneath your feet, and the vibrant markets buzzing with life. For over a thousand years, this city has been a silent witness to the rise and fall of empires, a cradle of culture, and a bustling center of commerce. It’s a city that proudly wears its nicknames – the “Millennium City” for its ancient lineage and the “Silver City” for its exquisite silver filigree work. The very name “Cuttack” is an anglicised form of the Sanskrit word ‘Kataka’, which literally means ‘The Fort’ or a military camp, hinting at its foundational purpose and its enduring strength. Let’s embark on a journey to uncover the soul of Cuttack, a city that seamlessly blends its glorious past with a dynamic present.  

The city’s strategic placement at the apex of the Mahanadi river delta was no mere accident. This geographical boon offered not only fertile lands and vital water resources essential for any burgeoning settlement but also a natural defensive perimeter. Such a location was paramount for a city destined to become a capital and a military stronghold, as its name ‘Kataka’ implies. This advantageous position significantly influenced Cuttack’s destiny, making it a coveted center for rulers across different eras and a natural hub for administration and defense for many centuries. The city’s popular monikers, “Millennium City” and “Silver City,” are more than just catchy phrases; they encapsulate Cuttack’s core identity. “Millennium City” directly points to its over 1000-year history, emphasizing its ancient roots and continuous inhabitation. “Silver City,” on the other hand, highlights a specific, highly skilled, and famous craft – Tarakasi (silver filigree) – that has become synonymous with Cuttack’s cultural and economic output. These names immediately convey to any traveler the dual facets of Cuttack: its profound historical significance and its unique artistic heritage, setting the stage for the discoveries that await.  

Echoes of Empires: Cuttack’s Storied Past

The narrative of Cuttack is a rich tapestry woven with threads of conquests, cultural assimilation, and enduring legacies left by various dynasties.

The Dawn of a Capital: The Keshari Kings

Our story begins around 989 AD. Picture King Nrupa Keshari of the Keshari dynasty, a visionary ruler, establishing a military cantonment here. This wasn’t just any outpost; it was the genesis of a future capital, as noted in the Madala Panji, the ancient chronicle of the Jagannath Temple in Puri. The name “Kataka,” meaning ‘The Fort’ or ‘military camp,’ perfectly captures its initial purpose.  

Then came King Markata Keshari, who, in 1002 AD (some records suggest 1006 AD ), undertook a monumental task: building strong stone embankments along the Kathjori river. These were not just protective walls; they were a testament to early Odia engineering prowess, designed to shield the nascent capital from the devastating floods of the Mahanadi river system. This early investment in infrastructure was a critical step. The deltaic region, while fertile, is naturally prone to flooding. For a city to establish itself as a stable capital, protection from such natural calamities was paramount. These embankments demonstrated an advanced understanding of civil engineering for the era and a long-term vision for the city’s security and development. This proactive measure fostered a sense of security, encouraging settlement and sustained growth, thereby paving the way for Cuttack to become a more permanent and significant capital.  

The Ganga Grandeur & The Barabati Citadel

Fast forward to 1211 AD, when the powerful Ganga dynasty, under King Anangabhimadeva III, officially declared Cuttack the capital of their kingdom. Some accounts place the city’s founding by King Anangabhima Deva III in the 13th century. It was during this period that the legendary Barabati Fort truly rose to prominence, becoming the heart of the Kalinga Empire. Imagine a formidable citadel, sprawling over 102 acres, fortified with a moat, and, as legends recount, housing a magnificent nine-storied palace within its walls. The fort wasn’t merely a military stronghold; it was a grand symbol of Ganga power and architectural ambition. While there is some debate on its precise origins, with some attributing initial construction to King Anangabhima II in the 12th century or a timeframe between 1229 and 1238 AD , its significance as the Ganga dynasty’s headquarters is undisputed.  

The Barabati Fort was much more than just a defensive structure; it was the consistent seat of power for numerous succeeding dynasties. Its strategic location and formidable defenses made it an ideal administrative and military nerve center. The fort likely housed not just the military but also royal residences and administrative offices, as suggested by mentions of the grand palace. Its continuous use by subsequent rulers—including the Suryavamsi Gajapatis, Bhois, Mukundadev, Turko-Afghans, Mughals, Marathas, and eventually the British —underscores its enduring strategic and symbolic importance. Each new ruler occupying the fort effectively legitimized their control over the Odisha region. Thus, Barabati Fort became the physical embodiment of sovereignty in Odisha for centuries, and its ruins today offer a potent connection to this long and complex past.  

Under Gajapatis, Mughals, and Marathas: A Shifting Tapestry

The Ganga rule eventually gave way to the Suryavamsi Gajapati Kings (1435-1541 AD), who also maintained Cuttack as their capital. Rulers like Kapilendra Deva significantly expanded the Gajapati empire, and Cuttack, then known as Kataka-Pattana, remained the nerve center of this vast territory that impressively stretched from the Ganges in the north to the Godavari in the south.  

After the demise of Mukunda Deva, the last independent Hindu king of Odisha, Cuttack’s destiny took another turn. It first came under Muslim rule, and later, the Mughals designated it as the seat of the new Orissa Subah (an imperial top-level province) under the reign of Shah Jahan. This transition brought about changes in the city’s administrative fabric and introduced new cultural influences, including Muslim elements into its social demography, integrating Cuttack into the broader pan-Indian political and economic framework.  

By 1750, the Marathas had asserted control over Cuttack. Under their governance, the city experienced a significant resurgence as a bustling business center. Its strategic location once again proved invaluable, serving as a crucial contact point between the Bhonsale Marathas of Nagpur and the English merchants operating out of Bengal. The famous saying “Attock te Cuttack” (Attock to Cuttack) even emerged during this period to describe the vast expanse of the Maratha Empire, underscoring Cuttack’s place within this sphere of influence.  

Despite the frequent changes in rulers, Cuttack consistently maintained or re-established its importance as a commercial and administrative hub. Its inherent geographical advantages, such as being a river port with good connectivity, naturally favored trade. Each ruling power, whether Mughal or Maratha, recognized its strategic value for revenue generation and control, thus ensuring its continued role as an administrative headquarters. The Maratha period, in particular, witnessed a flourishing of business, facilitated by its position linking different economic zones. The existing infrastructure, including markets likely established over centuries, and a skilled artisan population specializing in textiles and metalwork, further contributed to its commercial viability. This demonstrates Cuttack’s economic and strategic fundamentals were so robust that it could adapt and thrive under diverse political regimes, showcasing an inherent resilience that laid the groundwork for its later emergence as Odisha’s undisputed commercial capital.  

The British Era and a Provincial Capital: Colonial Footprints

In 1803, the British East India Company occupied Cuttack, and by 1816, it was declared the capital of the Odisha division. The city once again found itself at the helm of regional administration, this time under colonial rule. This era brought significant changes to its urban landscape, administration, and socio-economic fabric, integrating Cuttack into the broader framework of the British Empire. Colonial architecture began to make its mark, with structures like the Church of Epiphany, constructed in 1865, standing as prominent examples of this new influence. The historic Lal Bagh Palace, originally built by a Mughal Subedar and later utilized by the Marathas, was repurposed by the British to serve as the Government House, the residence of British Commissioners and later Governors. This period also saw the development of new residential enclaves and cantonments, altering the city’s morphology.  

Cuttack’s urban fabric clearly reflects the successive layers of its diverse rulers. Ancient Odia engineering is evident in the enduring stone embankments and the foundational structure of the Barabati Fort. Mughal influence is visible in religious edifices like the Qadam-I-Rasool and the initial construction of significant buildings such as the Lal Bagh Palace. The Marathas, while primarily focused on trade, also contributed to the city’s cultural landscape by patronizing religious institutions. The British era then introduced distinct colonial architectural styles, seen in churches, administrative buildings, and the adaptive reuse of existing historical structures. For a traveler, Cuttack offers a unique opportunity to witness a historical timeline manifested in its buildings and city plan. It stands as a living museum where different architectural styles and urban planning philosophies from various eras coexist, narrating a compelling story of continuous adaptation and cultural amalgamation.  

The Enduring Heartbeat: Cuttack in Modern Times

The story of Cuttack did not end with the colonial era; it merely turned a new page, revealing a city capable of reinventing itself while holding onto its core identity.

A New Chapter: Post-Independence Shifts

After India gained independence in 1947, a significant administrative change occurred. In 1948, the capital of Odisha (then known as Orissa) was officially shifted from Cuttack to the newly planned city of Bhubaneswar. This decision marked the end of Cuttack’s nearly thousand-year reign as the primary political capital of the region. However, this shift did not diminish its overall importance.  

Cuttack gracefully transitioned into new roles, retaining its status as the administrative headquarters for both the state and the Cuttack district. Crucially, it became the judicial capital of Odisha with the establishment of the Orissa High Court within its precincts. Furthermore, it solidified its long-held position as the state’s undisputed commercial capital, a thriving hub for trade and business activities. The city continued to grow and evolve, with new, planned townships like Markat Nagar (developed by the Cuttack Development Authority – CDA) expanding its urban boundaries and modernizing its landscape.  

The shift of the political capital to Bhubaneswar did not lead to Cuttack’s decline but rather to a redefinition of its role, fostering the “Twin Cities” concept where Cuttack and Bhubaneswar complement each other. Cuttack possessed centuries of established infrastructure, robust trade networks, and an institutional memory that could not be easily replicated or transferred. Its historical significance and existing infrastructure, such as the High Court and major markets, naturally allowed it to specialize in judicial and commercial functions. This allowed Bhubaneswar to focus on developing as a modern administrative and political capital, while Cuttack leveraged its inherent strengths. The relatively short distance between the two cities, approximately 20 km, further facilitated this functional specialization, creating a symbiotic rather than competitive relationship. Cuttack thus exemplifies how a historic city can successfully adapt to changing political landscapes by diversifying its strengths. The “Twin City” phenomenon is a testament to this adaptability, where Cuttack maintains its vibrancy and importance alongside the new capital, each contributing uniquely to the state’s development. This dynamic also offers travelers the convenience of easily experiencing both the historical depth of Cuttack and the modern planning of Bhubaneswar in a single trip.  

The Silver City’s Gleam: Crafts, Commerce, and Knowledge

Cuttack’s fame as the “Silver City” stems from its breathtaking Tarakasi, or silver filigree work. This intricate art form, with a history possibly spanning over 500 years and perhaps introduced to the region during Mughal times, involves the delicate shaping and weaving of fine silver wires into stunning jewelry, decorative items, and even miniature replicas of famous monuments. The skill of Cuttack’s artisans is legendary, producing pieces characterized by exquisite details, complex motifs, and the brilliant, snowy luster of silver. This craft had significant patronage during the Mughal period, and efforts were made post-independence, such as the formation of artisan cooperatives in 1952, to support and promote it.  

Beyond silver, Cuttack is renowned for its vibrant textiles, especially woven silk and cotton fabrics, including the famous Ikat designs, which feature intricate tie-and-dye patterns with ancient linkages to maritime trade with South-East Asia. Other traditional handicrafts such as horn work, where artisans skillfully fashion animal horns into a variety of decorative and utilitarian objects, and brass and bell metal works, used for both religious and household purposes, also flourish here, showcasing the city’s rich and diverse artistic heritage.  

The city isn’t just steeped in tradition; it’s a significant modern business and industrial hub. Key economic sectors include manufacturing, extensive trade and transportation services, and the milling of agricultural products. Cuttack hosts a multitude of trading and business houses, making it a pivotal commercial center in Odisha. It is also a distinguished center for education and research, home to premier institutions like the historic Ravenshaw University, originally established as a small school in 1841 and later upgraded to a college and then a university, which once even housed the Odisha Legislative Assembly. Another key institution is the Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI), recognized as the largest of its kind in Asia, playing a vital role in agricultural advancements.  

Cuttack’s identity as a commercial hub is deeply intertwined with its traditional crafts. Highly skilled crafts like Tarakasi are not merely cultural heritage but also significant economic activities, providing livelihoods for many and attracting trade. The very reputation encapsulated in the “Silver City” moniker enhances Cuttack’s brand, drawing visitors and buyers, which in turn boosts local commerce. Traditional markets and modern business centers facilitate the trade of these unique crafts alongside other goods. This symbiotic relationship means the flourishing crafts contribute directly to the city’s economic vibrancy, while the commercial infrastructure supports the artisans. For travelers, this creates unparalleled opportunities to witness living traditions and purchase authentic, high-quality crafts.  

Furthermore, the presence of long-standing and prestigious educational and research institutions is a notable feature of Cuttack’s modern identity. Institutions like Ravenshaw University have a profound legacy of contributing to the intellectual capital of the region for over a century and a half. Specialized institutes such as the CRRI are crucial for agricultural development, an important sector in Odisha. These institutions attract students, academics, and researchers, fostering a knowledgeable workforce and contributing significantly to the socio-economic development of the city and the state. This role as an educational center adds another important dimension to Cuttack’s identity, showcasing a city that has historically invested in knowledge and human resource development, contributing to its overall progress and resilience.  

A Cultural Kaleidoscope: Experiencing Cuttack’s Soul

Cuttack’s soul is most vividly expressed through its vibrant festivals, sacred sites, and historical landmarks, each telling a part of its thousand-year-old story.

Festivals of Joy and Heritage: Where the City Comes Alive

To truly feel Cuttack’s pulse, timing a visit to coincide with its grand festivals is highly recommended. Durga Puja, also known as Sharadiya Utsav, is celebrated with unparalleled fervor and grandeur. The tradition of consecrating idols of Goddess Durga in Cuttack dates back to the 16th century, a practice linked to the visit of the revered Saint Chaitanya. What sets Cuttack’s Durga Puja apart is the breathtaking display of silver and gold artistry. Many puja pandals, or temporary shrines, feature “Chandi Medha” – elaborate silver backdrops or tableaus – and adorn the deities with golden crowns and ornaments. This spectacular tradition of using precious metals was pioneered by the Choudhury Bazaar puja committee, which introduced a silver tableau in 1951 and later incorporated gold ornaments in 1990, setting a trend that many other committees followed. The city boasts around 170 puja mandaps during the festival, with a significant number showcasing these glittering adornments, making it a dazzling spectacle of craftsmanship and devotion. For instance, in 2025, the main Durga Puja festivities (Maha Sashthi to Vijaya Dashami) are scheduled from September 28th to October 2nd; however, travelers should always verify the specific dates for their year of visit.  

Another unmissable event is the Bali Jatra, which translates to ‘Voyage to Bali’. Considered one of Asia’s largest open trade fairs, it is held annually on Kartik Purnima (the full moon day of the Kartika month, typically falling in October or November) on the vast sandy banks of the Mahanadi River at Gadagadia Ghata. This festival vividly commemorates Odisha’s glorious ancient maritime history, a time when “Sadhabas” (Odia mariners) embarked on voyages to distant lands such as Bali, Java, Sumatra, and Borneo for trade and cultural exchange. A key ritual is “Boita Bandana,” where people float miniature toy boats made of paper or banana bark, with lighted lamps inside, down the river as a symbolic gesture of these ancient voyages. The fair itself is a vibrant and bustling congregation, featuring a wide array of goods for trade, diverse food stalls, traditional cultural performances, and amusement rides, attracting millions of visitors. The Odisha State Maritime Museum often hosts events like ‘Samudramanthan’ to coincide with Bali Jatra, further highlighting the state’s seafaring legacy.  

Cuttack’s major festivals are far more than just religious or cultural events; they are significant economic and social phenomena. Durga Puja, with its intricate silver and gold decorations, directly showcases and supports the local Tarakasi artisans, thereby driving a unique craft-based economy. The sheer scale of these decorations, involving numerous mandaps and substantial investment in precious metals, points to a massive seasonal economic stimulus. Similarly, Bali Jatra, being one of Asia’s largest trade fairs, directly links to commerce by providing an extensive platform for artisans, traders, and various businesses, echoing the city’s historical role as a vital trade center. Both festivals attract vast numbers of visitors, significantly boosting tourism, the hospitality sector, and local businesses. They also serve as dynamic platforms for cultural exchange, showcasing traditional Odia arts, music, and dance. These festivals are potent expressions of Cuttack’s identity, seamlessly connecting its rich past (maritime trade, ancient forms of worship) with its vibrant present (master craftsmanship, bustling commerce, and tourism). They offer travelers an immersive experience into the city’s living culture and its economic vitality.  

Sacred Sanctuaries: A Pilgrim’s Path Through Time

Cuttack is home to several revered shrines that draw devotees and history enthusiasts alike.

The Katak Chandi Temple, nestled near the banks of the Mahanadi River, is an ancient and highly significant shrine dedicated to Goddess Chandi, the presiding deity of Cuttack. Believed to date back to at least the 11th century, this temple stands as a pivotal center of Shakti worship in the region. The celebrations during Durga Puja and Kali Puja at this temple are particularly grand and attract a vast number of pilgrims. The temple’s architecture displays the conventional Odia style, characterized by intricate carvings and traditional design elements.  

• Visitor Information: The temple is generally open daily from 5:00 AM to 9:00 PM. There is no entry fee to visit the temple. Photography might be prohibited inside the temple premises.  
• Contact: Chandi Temple, Tulsipur, Cuttack. A contact number listed for Chandi Temple is 0671-2414500.  

For a uniquely serene spiritual experience, a visit to the Dhabaleswar Temple is highly recommended. This temple is uniquely situated on an island within the Mahanadi River. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, the temple’s name, Dhabaleswar, translates to “Lord of Whiteness” (Dhabala Eeswar). This name is linked to a local legend where Lord Shiva, to save a devotee, miraculously turned a stolen black bull calf white. The temple structure, featuring stone carvings that date back to the 10th-11th century and associated with Ganga rulers or the Somavamshi dynasty, is an example of Kalinga Architecture. Reaching the temple is an adventure in itself, typically via a scenic suspension footbridge, which is Odisha’s first of its kind, spanning 245 to 262 meters across the river (built around 2006-2007), or by traditional boat services.  

• Visitor Information: The temple is generally open daily, for instance, from 5:00 AM to 12:30 PM and again from 1:00 PM to 8:00 PM. No specific entry fee is mentioned for the temple itself, and Dhabaleswar Island is noted as free to enter ; however, a nominal fee might be applicable for using the footbridge. The temple is located approximately 27-35 km from Cuttack city.  

The Qadam-I-Rasool, dating back to the 18th century, is an important shrine for Muslim devotees and a notable example of Indo-Islamic architecture in Cuttack. Located on Jail Road and sprawling over an impressive 57 acres, its main highlight is a sacred stone slab believed to bear the footprint of Prophet Mohammed, a relic reportedly brought from Arabia. The shrine was built by Shujauddin Mohammed Khan. Its architectural features include a high compound wall with towers at each corner, a large central minaret adorned with a crescent and star, nine smaller minarets featuring intricate wood carvings and lacquer craft, a music gallery known as Nawabat Khana, and beautiful floral designs embellishing its interior roof. The complex also serves as a prominent Muslim cemetery.  

Other spiritual stops in Cuttack include the Gurdwara Daatan Sahib. This sacred Sikh shrine marks the place where Guru Nanak, the first Sikh Guru, is said to have halted on his journey to Puri. Legend has it that he used a ‘daatan’ (a twig used for brushing teeth) which he then planted, and it grew into a tree that still flourishes at the site. The city also houses historic Christian churches, such as the Church of Epiphany, built in 1865 and showcasing British colonial architecture, and the Odia Baptist Church, which holds the distinction of being known as the ‘Mother Church in Orissa’ as it was where non-Christians were first baptized in the region.  

The presence of these diverse religious sites—ancient Hindu temples, a major Muslim shrine, a historic Sikh Gurdwara, and colonial-era churches—points to a long and rich history of religious diversity and coexistence in Cuttack. Historical accounts note that rulers like the Marathas patronized Hinduism while also showing tolerance and catholicity towards Islam. There are even beliefs that the Qadam-I-Rasool was established by a Hindu king for the Muslim community, further highlighting this spirit of syncretism. The construction of these significant religious sites often involved patronage from rulers or influential community figures, indicating broad support for different faiths. This history of religious harmony and mutual respect is a significant aspect of Cuttack’s cultural fabric, making it a welcoming destination for pilgrims and travelers interested in exploring diverse spiritual traditions.  

Whispers of History: Must-Visit Landmarks

Cuttack’s historical landmarks offer tangible connections to its layered past.

Barabati Fort Revisited: Though now mostly in ruins, the remnants of the Barabati Fort—its arched gateway, the imposing earthen mound of the once nine-storied palace, and the surrounding moat—powerfully evoke a sense of its grand and storied past. Sprawling over an area of 102 acres, the fort has been a subject of archaeological excavations by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), which took over its protection in 1915. These excavations have revealed a square or roughly rectangular plan, remnants of the palace structure, numerous pillars, and various artifacts that shed light on its former glory. Historically, it served as the seat of power for the Ganga dynasty, Suryavamsi Gajapatis, Mughals, and Marathas, and was even utilized by the British after their occupation.  

• Visitor Information: The fort is generally open to visitors daily, with typical hours being from around 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM or 6:30 AM to 5:30 PM. Entry to the fort premises is usually free. It is located in the heart of Cuttack. The ASI’s Bhubaneswar Circle is responsible for its protection and maintenance; a general contact for the ASI Bhubaneswar office is 0674-2393074.  

The Odisha State Maritime Museum offers a deep dive into Odisha’s glorious seafaring past. Situated on the banks of the Mahanadi River at Jobra, this fascinating museum is housed within a meticulously restored British-era Maritime Engineering Workshop, originally established in 1869. The workshop itself played a pivotal role in building and repairing vessels for Bihar, Bengal, and Odisha until the advent of railways diminished its importance. After decades of neglect, restoration began in 2007, and the museum opened its doors to the public in 2017. Its well-curated galleries showcase Odisha’s rich maritime trade history (with special emphasis on links with Bali), traditional boat-building techniques, ancient navigation tools, maritime rituals, and a collection of original tools and equipment from the historic Jobra workshop. A highlight for many visitors is the life-size replica of an Odia sailing vessel, known as a “Boita”. The museum complex also features a boat shed with indigenous boats, a saw mill, an aquarium, a children’s park, and a food court.  

• Visitor Information: The museum is open from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM. It remains closed on Mondays and State Government Holidays. Information on entry fees is not consistently provided across sources, so it is advisable to check the official website or contact the museum directly.  
• Address & Contact: Jobra, Cuttack, Odisha. Email: [email protected]. Phone: +91 671 296 5500.  

A visit to the Netaji Birth Place Museum offers a poignant journey into the life of one of India’s most iconic freedom fighters, Subhas Chandra Bose. His ancestral home, known as Janakinath Bhawan, located in Oriya Bazaar, has been converted into this museum. It provides visitors with an intimate glimpse into his formative years, his family life, and the historical context of his struggle for India’s independence.  

• Visitor Information: Specific opening hours and entry fees are not detailed in the available information, so it is recommended to check locally before planning a visit.

Cuttack’s museums, particularly the Maritime Museum and the Netaji Birth Place Museum, focus on very specific and significant aspects of Odia and national history. The Maritime Museum preserves and highlights Odisha’s rich but perhaps lesser-known maritime heritage, which was a crucial part of its economic and cultural history, as evidenced by traditions like the Bali Jatra. Its location within a historic workshop adds a layer of authenticity to the visitor experience. The Netaji Museum, on the other hand, honors a national hero with strong Cuttack roots, preserving personal history that intersects with the larger narrative of India’s independence movement. These institutions offer travelers more than just a general overview of history; they provide deep dives into particular themes that define the region and its contribution to the nation. They are vital for preserving and popularizing these specialized narratives for future generations.  

Your Cuttack Itinerary: A Traveler’s Guide

Planning your trip to Cuttack is straightforward with good connectivity and plenty of local options to explore its myriad charms.

Getting There and Around: Navigating the Millennium City

Reaching Cuttack is quite convenient due to its well-established transport links.

• By Air: The nearest airport is the Biju Patnaik International Airport (BBI) in Bhubaneswar, located approximately 28 to 30 kilometers away from Cuttack. From the airport, travelers can easily find taxis and bus services to reach Cuttack.  
• By Train: Cuttack Junction (Station Code: CTC) is a major railway station on the East Coast Railway zone. It is well-connected to various parts of India with numerous passenger and express trains, including important ones like the Coromandel Express, Purushottam Express, and Howrah Mail.  
• By Road: Cuttack is connected to various cities and states via National Highway 16 (NH16). The city has a good network of roads and is accessible by both private and state-run bus services from neighboring cities like Bhubaneswar, Kolkata, and Visakhapatnam.  

Once you are in Cuttack, you have several options for getting around the city:

• Auto-rickshaws: These three-wheelers are a ubiquitous mode of transport in Cuttack and are readily available for travel to most parts of the city. It is advisable to negotiate the fare before starting your ride. Auto-rickshaw rental services are also available for more structured travel.  
• Cycle Rickshaws: For shorter distances, especially within the older, sometimes more congested parts of the city, cycle rickshaws are an excellent choice. They offer a leisurely and eco-friendly way to explore local neighborhoods and markets.  
• Taxis and Ride-hailing Services: Modern ride-hailing services like Uber operate in Cuttack, providing an alternative to traditional taxis for convenient point-to-point travel.  
• Local Buses: City buses cover various parts of Cuttack, connecting key points such as College Square, OMP, Link Road, Badambadi Bus Stop, and the High Court area. Numerous private and government bus services operate within the city and to nearby destinations.  

Cuttack’s local transport options reflect its unique character—a blend of the old and the new. The city’s layout, with its historic, sometimes narrow streets famously described as “Bauna Bazaar, Tepana Galee” (52 markets and 53 streets), alongside newer, planned areas like Markat Nagar, necessitates this diverse range of transport modes. Traditional cycle rickshaws are perfectly suited for navigating the older, bustling areas and for short, environmentally friendly trips. Auto-rickshaws offer a balance of accessibility and speed for medium-distance travel. Modern services such as app-based taxis and organized bus networks cater to the needs of a growing urban population and tech-savvy travelers. This transport mix mirrors Cuttack’s own evolution, allowing visitors to choose the mode that best suits their needs, budget, and the specific area they wish to explore, from a nostalgic cycle rickshaw ride to the efficiency of a pre-booked cab.  

Best Time to Explore: Weather-Wise Wandering

The ideal time to visit Cuttack and comfortably explore its attractions is during the winter months, from October to February. During this period, the weather is generally pleasant and cool. Daytime temperatures typically range from a comfortable 15°C to 25°C, making it perfect for sightseeing, exploring historical sites like Barabati Fort, visiting temples, and enjoying outdoor activities. This season also hosts major festivals like Bali Jatra (usually in November) and Durga Puja (around October/November), adding to the city’s vibrant atmosphere. Nights can get colder, occasionally dropping below 10°C during the peak winter months of December and January, so packing some warm clothing is advisable.  

Summers in Cuttack, from March to May or June, are characterized by scorching heat and high humidity. Temperatures often soar to 35°C and can even exceed 40°C, making any kind of outdoor activity during the day extremely difficult and uncomfortable.  

The monsoon season, typically from June or July to September, brings relief from the intense summer heat with moderate rainfall, primarily from the South West Monsoon. Average temperatures during this time hover around 30°C. While the rains make the city lush and green, occasional thunderstorms can occur, which might disrupt travel plans.  

A Taste of Cuttack: Culinary Delights

No trip to Cuttack is truly complete without indulging in its distinctive local cuisine. Rice is the staple food, and the city offers a delectable array of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian Odia dishes that are sure to tantalize your taste buds.  

Must-Try Dishes:

• Dahibara Aludum: This is arguably Cuttack’s most legendary culinary offering! It consists of soft, fluffy lentil fritters (dahibara) soaked in lightly spiced yogurt, generously topped with a hearty and flavorful spicy potato curry (aloo dum), and often garnished with sev, chopped onions, and a sprinkle of spices. It’s an explosion of contrasting textures and tastes that is beloved by locals and visitors alike.  
• Chhena Poda: Literally translating to “burnt cheese,” this is Odisha’s iconic dessert. It’s a unique baked cottage cheese (chhena) cake, subtly sweet and beautifully caramelized on the outside, with a soft, crumbly interior. It’s a must-try for anyone with a sweet tooth.  
• Ghuguni and Chaat: These are popular street foods that you’ll find being served at numerous stalls across the city. Ghuguni is a savory curry made from dried yellow or white peas, often enjoyed with puris or as part of a chaat. Cuttack’s chaat varieties offer a delightful mix of tangy, spicy, and sweet flavors.  
• Rasabali: Another delightful Odia sweet, Rasabali consists of deep-fried patties of chhena that are soaked in thickened, sweetened, and flavored milk, often garnished with cardamom. It is traditionally offered as part of the ‘chappana bhogas’ (56 offerings) at the Jagannath Temple in Puri and is a popular sweet in Cuttack as well.  
• Pakhala Bhata: This is a traditional Odia dish, especially popular during the hot summer months for its cooling properties. It is prepared by soaking cooked rice in water (and sometimes sour curd) and allowing it to ferment slightly. It is typically served with various side dishes like fried fish, badi chura (crushed sun-dried lentil dumplings), saga bhaja (fried leafy greens), and pickles.  
• Seafood Delicacies: Given Cuttack’s riverine location and its proximity to the coast, fresh fish and prawns feature prominently in the local cuisine. Do try dishes like Prawn Malai Curry (prawns cooked in a creamy coconut milk gravy) or various styles of Fish Curry (Machha Besara, Machha Jhola) for an authentic taste of the region.  

Dishes like Dahibara Aludum are more than just food items; they are iconic street food experiences deeply embedded in Cuttack’s cultural identity. The widespread availability and immense popularity of such specific street foods indicate their integral role in the local culinary culture and daily life. Cuttack is particularly renowned for its Dahibara, suggesting a unique local preparation that distinguishes it even from versions found elsewhere. Street food often reflects the local palate, the availability of regional ingredients, and the quick, affordable eating habits of the populace. Therefore, exploring Cuttack’s street food, especially its famous Dahibara Aludum, offers an authentic and delicious taste of the city’s culture and is a must-do for any foodie traveler. It’s an accessible and enjoyable way to connect with local life and traditions.  

Shopper’s Paradise: Treasures to Take Home

Cuttack is a delight for shoppers, particularly those interested in traditional Odia crafts, textiles, and unique local products.

• Silver Filigree (Tarakasi): This is undoubtedly the star attraction for shoppers in Cuttack, the “Silver City.” Look for exquisite jewelry (earrings, necklaces, pendants, anklets), decorative showpieces, replicas of the Konark Chakra, miniature chariots, and other finely crafted silver items. The art involves twisting and shaping fine silver wires into intricate lace-like patterns. Nayasadak is a key market area renowned for its silver filigree shops and galleries, offering a wide range of traditional and contemporary designs.  
• Textiles: Cuttack is famous for its beautiful handloom fabrics. Ikat sarees, with their distinctive tie-and-dye patterns creating blurred-edge motifs, are a must-buy. These are available in both silk and cotton. Shops like Boyanika, a well-established handloom cooperative with decades of experience, and Duheita, which aims to connect weavers with consumers, are recommended for high-quality, authentic handloom goods. Duheita also offers Odisha handlooms with a modern touch, such as Sambalpuri sarees featuring Pattachitra designs.  
• Other Handicrafts: Beyond silver and textiles, you can find attractive brass and bell metal items, which are traditionally used for religious purposes and as household utensils. Horn work is another unique craft of the region, where artisans skillfully fashion animal horns (mostly from buffaloes and cows) into combs, pen stands, decorative birds, animals, and other intricate objects.  

Key Shopping Areas:

• Nayasadak: This is the go-to place for Tarakasi or silver filigree. The streets here are lined with numerous shops and galleries specializing in silver jewelry and artifacts.  
• Jhola Sahi: Located in the heart of Cuttack, Jhola Sahi market is renowned for its wide selection of high-quality artisanal goods, including dazzling jewelry pieces (likely including filigree) and stylish garments. It offers everything from traditional Khadi and hand-woven fabrics to the latest styles from national and international brands.  
• Malgodown: This is one of Cuttack’s major wholesale market areas, dealing in a vast array of goods including pulses and other commodities. While primarily a wholesale hub, tourists might find some retail opportunities or simply experience the bustling commercial activity.  
• Choudhury Bazaar: This market is particularly famous for its spectacular silver and gold tableaus (“Chandi Medha”) during Durga Puja, having pioneered this tradition. Besides its festive significance, it’s a general market area where one can find decorative items, clothes, hardware, toys, and more.  
• Tulsipur Road: This road offers a variety of stores catering to general shopping needs, making it a convenient spot for visitors to find various items.  
• Other local markets that offer a glimpse into daily life and local commerce include Balu Bazar Vegetable Market, Tinikonia Bagicha Square, and Market Complex Sector 6.  

Essential Visitor Information

To help you plan your exploration of Cuttack’s key attractions, here’s a quick guide:

Note: Opening hours and fees are subject to change. It is always advisable to verify the latest information before visiting.

Cuttack: Where History Breathes and the Future Beckons

Cuttack is far more than just a city; it’s a living chronicle, a testament to the passage of time and the resilience of culture. From its ancient origins as a fortified capital that stood guard over kingdoms for nearly a millennium , to its vibrant present as Odisha’s commercial heartland and esteemed judicial seat , Cuttack narrates a compelling story of adaptation, endurance, and an undiminished cultural richness. It’s a place where the intricate silver filigree work, the famed Tarakasi, seems to mirror the delicate and complex weave of its history. It’s where the echoes of ancient maritime voyages to distant shores resonate powerfully during the bustling Bali Jatra festival , and where the profound devotion of Durga Puja illuminates its lanes and bylanes with divine splendor.  

The core theme throughout Cuttack’s long and varied history is its remarkable ability to remain relevant and significant despite major political and administrative shifts. Its foundation as a strategic capital provided an initial prominence that endured for centuries. Even after relinquishing its status as the primary political capital to Bhubaneswar, Cuttack’s well-established commercial, judicial, and cultural infrastructure allowed it to thrive and excel in new, specialized roles. The proud identities of “Silver City” and “Millennium City” are not mere historical footnotes but are actively woven into its modern appeal and economic fabric. The city continues to demonstrate forward momentum with ongoing growth and development, exemplified by new urban areas like the Markat Nagar township.  

As you wander through its characteristically named “Baban Bazaar, Teppan Galee” – the fabled 52 markets and 53 streets that hint at its bustling commercial past and present – or explore the silent, evocative grandeur of the Barabati Fort , or marvel at the breathtaking skill of artisans in a Tarakasi workshop, you’ll discover a city that deeply cherishes its illustrious past while confidently striding into the future. Cuttack’s story is one of successful transformation. It teaches that a city’s legacy is not solely defined by its political status but by its capacity to leverage its inherent strengths—its people, their skills, its unique culture, and its strategic assets—to forge new identities and continue to prosper. This makes it a particularly fascinating destination for travelers interested in urban history, cultural evolution, and the enduring spirit of a place. So, come, lose yourself in the timeless charm of Cuttack – a city that promises every traveler a journey filled with discovery, wonder, and unforgettable stories.