The town of Amber (Amer), located close to Jaipur, was the capital and center of the Kachwaha Rajput kingdom. It is still famous for the Amber (or Amer) Fort, which is one of the most important architectural wonders of Rajasthan. The fort standing on a hill surrounded by the rugged Aravalli Hills is a military symbol of Amber’s past. More than that, the fort is a monument to the artistic and cultural accomplishments of the rulers of the region. After Jaipur fortified its position as a city, people started to visit Amber fort as a historical landmark. As someone who has spent hours wandering through Amber Fort’s maze of courtyards, palaces, secret tunnels, and other different parts of the fort, I can assure you there is much more to this historic site than is presented. So in this article, let’s look at the history of Amber fort from its rise to its fall and its impact in shaping the history of Jaipur.
Early History and Construction Beginnings
The local tribe known as Meenas were the first inhabitants of the Amber region. Gaining dominance from the Meena tribe triggered the construction of the hindmost portion of the Amber fort after the Kachwaha dynasty took control of the region as well during the mid 10th century. The initial parts of the fort, although basic, were built in a location that was quite ideal for invasions. As one of the most regarded generals in Emperor Akbar’s court, Raja Man Singh I started building the Amber Fort in 1592. It is now a masterpiece that incorporates Mughal artistry alongside Rajput architectural styles. The fort serves as a stunning and practical piece of stonework.
Construction and Design of The Amber Fortes Architecture
Amber boasts elements from both Rajput and Mughal civillizations. It serves not only as a strategically and militarily positioned fort, but also as a lavish royal palace. Divided into four distinct segments complete with their own courtyards, palaces and halls, each section serves as a remarkable building.
1. Suraj Pol and Jaleb Chowk (Entrance and Main Courtyard)
Upon entering through Suraj Pol (or Sun Gate), guests enter Jaleb Chowk, a big gathering spot for soldiers. It further expands to a vast courtyard surrounded by imposing walls and gateways. Suraj Pol further boosts the first impression of the fort with its grand entrance and majestic nature.
Calf Photography Tip:
For best composition including Suraj Pol, standby near the center of Jaleb Chowk.
2. Ganesh Pol and Diwan-i-Aam (Hall of Public Audience)
The mosaics and frescoes of the venue make Ganesh Pol one of the most beautiful sections of the fort. Serving as the entryway to the royal sections of the forts private rooms, Diwan-i-Aam is also nearby. It is a pillared hall where the king granted audiences to his subjects.
3. Sheesh Mahal (Mirror Palace)
Known as the Amber Fort centerpiece, the Sheesh Mahal literally describes a dazzling display of mirrors. Countless tiny mirrors reflect even the faintest light, simulating the breathtaking effect of a starry sky shimmering overhead.
Fun Fact:
Sheesh Mahal mirrors this effect with the use of only one candle as a source of light.
4. Zenana (Women’s Quarters)
The Zenana, or women’s quarters, allowed royal ladies to retain a moderate degree of seclusion, while giving them the ability to view palace happenings through hidden lattice windows. This Balanced security and luxury demonstrate caring attention to detail.
Strategic Importance of Amber Fort
The location of Amber in the Aravalli Hills provided domed military advantage. The fort possessed thick sandstone walls, hidden tunnels, and defensive bastions designed to withstand attacks from rival kingdoms. Coupled with an elevated position granting the fort clear views of the plains holla, deadly ambushes from rival kingdoms were near impossible. Amber was linked to Jaigarh Fort, a nearby fortified structure containing military stores and the worls’s largest wheeled cannon, Jaivana. This networked fortified system considerably enhanced the Kachwaha defensive line, granting the rulers a firm grasp over their dominions for centuries.
The Mughal Influence on Amber Fort
The Amber Fort achieved the peak of its power and influence during the Mughal era due to the alliance between the Kachwaha Rajputs and Mughal Emperors. Its rulers, Man Singh I and Jai Singh I, were both considerable advanced and high-ranking generals in the Mughal court, which contributed to the prosperity of their kingdom along with military assistance. This enabled The Rajputs to integrate floral patterns, symmetrical gardens, and other elements characteristic of Mughal art into Rajput architecture. This fusion led to the construction of the Amber Fort, showcasing the blend of two diverse cultures.
The Decline of Amber Fort
Around the start of the 18th century, the significance of Amber Fort started to decline. Sawai Jai Singh II took to the throne in 1727, and he recognized the need for a new capital that could support the population increase and administrative needs of his expanding kingdom. He started to construct Jaipur, a pre-planned city complete with broad streets, advanced infrastructure, and large palaces. Power transitioned to Jaipur, causing the Kachhwaha family to forsake Amber Fort as a royal residence. Though still emblematic of the Kachwaha family’s lineage, the fort’s formerly vibrant halls and courtyards fell quiet. FInally, the fort suffered natural wear and tear, but was preserved due to 20th century restoration efforts.
Living monuments of amber fort
At present, it stands as one of the most popular tourist attractions in Rajasthan and has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Visitors far and wide are mesmerized by the fort’s gate’s stupendous carvings, expansive palaces, and fort op panoromic views. It provides an insight into the magnificent heritage of the Rajasthani monarchy and also actively participates in cultural showcases, heritage walk tours, light-and-sound shows, and many more.
Examples of what to do in Amber fort are as follows:
- Discover the secret passageways connecting Amber Fort to Jaigarh Fort.
- Witness the dramatic retelling of the fort’s history paired with voiceovers and vibrant lights during the evening show.
- Appraised the embellished account of the architectural marvels, folklore, and events that shaped the fort during a guided tour.
- capture breathtaking images of Maota Lake’s reflection of the Amber fort by arriving early to avoid crowds.
Traveler tip:
to avoid crowds and watch the flag raising ceremony, visit the fort early in the morning.
Cultural Significance of Amber Fort
Aside from the reason of architecture and history, Amber Fort carries significant cultural value as a symbol of rich heritage of Rajasthan. This has helped make it a Bollywood movie destination like ‘Jodha Akbar’ and has served many writers and filmmakers for inspiration. Like most iconic locations, it acts as a major centerpiece for celebrations for festivals like Diwali and Gangaur where the fort is filled with traditional music, dance, and fireworks. It is a matter of pride and cultural wonder for many people around the world and serves as a must visit spot for tourists. The life story of Amber Fort speaks about great vision, partnerships, and great artistry. From being the hottest zip code of the Kachwaha kingdom to being preserved after its split, the fort still represents the timeless legacy of royal history that Rajasthan possesses. Discovering its secret passages, admiring the Sheesh Mahal, or looking the sunset from its ramparts are all ways to cherish timeless beauty Amber Fort has to offer.
If you have had the privilege to visit Amber Fort do share your favourite experiences along with tips regarding photography in the comments section below.
